Our Research Efforts

Species identification resources

Want to go find out whether a certain native or invasive species lives in your community? Vital Signs Species Identification Cards will help you decide whether you found or didn't find the species you were looking for. They'll help you provide Vital Signs Species Experts with the solid written and visual supporting evidence they'll need to confirm your identification, or suggest a different one. They'll help citizen scientists and students review your observations.

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Each card has detailed photos of key identifying characteristics, diagrams for comparing similar species, seasonal traits, and an interesting fact that is sure to spice up your field work or dinner conversation. Hey, did you know that one Purple loosestrife plant can make nearly 3 million new seeds each year? I didn't either! We should go look for it after we eat our ice cream.

200+ Community-generated cards

Our cards are an evolving resource for and by the Vital Signs community. With the help of citizen scientists we have created 45 species cards to date. 20 more are very close to release. Another 140+ are in the works.

We will improve these cards together over time with the addition of your best photographs and sneaky tricks for identifying each species. Contact us with photos, tips, or neat facts that are better than what's on there now, or add them to the discussion forum.

If you find yourself loathe with disappointment that we don't have a card yet for your favorite or least favorite species, make sure to tell us that you're itching for a card! Better yet, help us create it!

Freshwater Invasive Species Cards

    Submerged plants

    Hydrilla, Hydrilla verticillata
    Variable watermilfoil, Myriophyllum heterophyllum
    Eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllym spicatum
    European naiad, Najas minor
    Curly leaf pondweed, Potamogeton crispus

    Floating-leaved plants

    Water chestnut, Trapa natans
    Yellow floating heart, Nymphoides peltata

    Macroinvertebrates

    Chinese mystery snail, Cipangopaludina chinensisNEW!

    Crab

    Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

    Crayfish

    Crayfish, unidentified

Freshwater Native Species Cards

    Submerged plants

    Common bladderwort, Utricularia macrorhizaNEW!
    Coontail, Ceratophyllum demersumNEW!
    Prickly hornwort, Ceratophyllum echinatumNEW!
    Slender naiad, Najas flexilis
    Clasping leaf pondweed, Potamogeton richardsonii

    Floating-leaved plants

    Spatterdock, Nuphar variegata
    Little floating heart, Nymphoides cordata

    Emergent plants

    Narrow-leaved cattail, Typha angustifolia
    Broad-leaved cattail, Typha latifolia

    Macroinvertebrates

    Caddisfly larva, TrichopteraNEW!
    Dragonfly nymph, AnisopteraNEW!
    Leech, HirudineaNEW!
    Mayfly larva, EphemeropteraNEW!
    Scud, Gammaridea (Amphipod)NEW!
    Stonefly larva, PlecopteraNEW!
    Water scorpion, NepidaeNEW!

    Crayfish

    Crayfish, unidentified

Coastal Invasive Species Cards

    Algae

    Dead man's fingers, Codium fragile

    Bryozoans

    Lacy crust bryozoan, Membranipora membranacea

    Crabs

    Green crab, Carcinus maenas
    Hairy-clawed shore crab, Hemigrapsus penicillatus
    Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus
    Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

    Mollusks

    Common periwinkle, Littorina littorea
    Rapa whelk, Rapana venosa

    Plants

    Beach rose, Rosa rugosa

Coastal Native Species Cards

    Algae

    Knotted wrack, Ascophyllum nodosum
    Bladder wrack, Fucus vesiculosus

    Crabs

    Jonah crab, Cancer borealis
    Rock crab, Cancer irroratus

    Mollusks

    Smooth periwinkle, Littorina obtusata
    Rough periwinkle, Littorina saxatilis

    Plants

    Beach pea, Lathyrus japonicus
    Pickleweed, Salicornia depressa

Upland Invasive Species Cards

    Plants

    Beach rose, Rosa rugosa
    Burning bush, Euonymus alatus NEW!
    Japanese barberry, Berberis thunbergii
    Common reed, Phragmites australis
    Garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata
    Giant hogweed, Heracleum mantegazzianum NEW!
    Glossy buckthorn, Frangula alnus
    Japanese knotweed, Fallopia japonica
    Lupine, Lupinus polyphyllus NEW!
    Mile-a-minute weed, Polygonun perfoliatum
    Multiflora rose, Rosa multiflora
    Oriental bittersweet, Celastrus orbiculatus
    Porcelain-berry, Ampelopsis brevipedunculat NEW!
    Purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria

    Macroinvertebrates

    Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar NEW!

Upland Native Species Cards

    Plants

    Beach pea, Lathyrus japonicus
    Black spruce, Picea mariana NEW!
    Blue-bead lily, Clintonia borealis
    Bunchberry, Cornus canadensis
    Broad-leaved cattail, Typha latifolia
    Canadian yew, Taxus canadensis
    Eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis NEW!
    Highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum
    Highbush cranberry, Viburnum trilobum NEW!
    Lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium
    Maple-leaf viburnum, Viburnum acerfolium NEW!
    Meadow rose, Rosa blanda
    Milkweed, Asclepias syriaca
    Narrow-leaved cattail, Typha angustifolia
    Northern bayberry, Myrica pensylvanica NEW!
    Pussy willow, Salix discolor
    Queen Anne's lace, Daucus carota
    Red maple, Acer rubrum NEW!
    Redtwig dogwood, Cornus sericea NEW!
    Staghorn sumac, Rhus hirta
    Sweet fern, Comptonia peregrina
    White birch, Betula papyrifera
    White pine, Pinus strobus NEW!
    Yellow birch, Betula alleghaniensis NEW!

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Recent Observations

Fallopia japonica
Japanese knotweed
Was FOUND by kjurdak
on 2010-07-15 in Winslow
Fallopia japonica
Japanese knotweed
Was NOT FOUND by mstafford
on 2010-07-12 in Winslow
Celastrus orbiculatus
Oriental bittersweet
Was NOT FOUND by queenslace
on 2010-07-13 in Loring

Notes from the Field

Phragmites australis
BACA submitted this on 2009-10-19
This was a really amazing experience, because we all were able to observe plants and their natural habitats that we've been by for years, but never noticed, or knew the importance of.

Species of Interest

Hydrilla verticillata
Scientific Name: Hydrilla verticillata
Common Name: Hydrilla
Ecosystem: Freshwater
An infestation of the "worst of the worst" freshwater aquatic plants was recently found by a citizen scientist in Damariscotta Lake. Hydrilla is a submersed plant that grows dense mats and clogs waterways. It's a master at reproduction, employing flowers, turions, tubers and fragmentation. The Darariscotta Lake infestation was expertly documented by iSpyaSign. More early detection, please!

Latest Data Projects

Contains a written document
Invasion Comics (SnakeHead)
by slittlefield on 2009-11-20
Contains a written document
Invasion Comics (Garlic Mustard)
by slittlefield on 2009-11-18
Contains a written document
Invasion Comics (Purple Loosestrife)
by slittlefield on 2009-11-18
Vital Signs is a Gulf of Maine Research Institute Program. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 License.